Europe’s response to Belarus after a year of protest and repression

Ever since Alexander Lukashenka rigged the results of the Belarusian elections in 2020, his country has been mired in turmoil. The state has doggedly persecuted activists and protestors and increasingly committed grotesque Human Rights abuses. These actions have led to harsh condemnation from Western powers and some action, chiefly imposing sanctions against leading figures in Minsk. But to what degree have powers such as the European Union (EU) confronted Lukashenka’s regime? 

In Focus: IP || IP 2021: Concordat versus laïcité – the case of Alsace-Moselle

Alsace-Moselle is an exception to the French principle of laïcité – strict separation between State and Churches. The local Concordat regime remains in Alsace-Moselle, distinguishing it from the rest of France. How has the existing Concordat system in Alsace-Moselle been rationalised in the light of the French principle of laïcité? To answer this question, we will explore the legal and judicial discourse surrounding the 1801 Concordat.